Daily Academy

Grade 1 · Math Mountain

Grade 1 math practice, ten minutes at a time

Grade 1 math in Canada is numbers to 20: counting reliably, adding and subtracting across ten, and meeting shapes, length and coins for the first time. Daily Academy practises each of those separately, so you can see whether a wrong answer is a counting problem, a fact problem or a reading problem.

54 activities in this subject · free to use · no card to start

What is a grade 1 child expected to do in math?

Canadian provinces write their curricula separately and word them differently, but the grade 1 expectations below are common across all of them. Daily Academy is skills-based rather than built to any one province’s document — see how it maps to your province.

  • Count, read and write numbers to 20, and count on from any number
  • Know which of two numbers is larger, and say how you know
  • Add and subtract within 20, including bridging over ten
  • Recall the pairs that make ten without working them out
  • Name 2D shapes by their sides and corners rather than by how they look
  • Measure length with a ruler and choose between centimetres and metres
  • Tell time to the hour and half hour, and name Canadian coins

Where grade 1 children usually get stuck

Counting that skips or double-counts

Saying the number words in order and matching one word to one object are different skills, and the second is the one that fails. A child who counts seven chicks as six has usually touched one twice or missed one — not forgotten a number.

Every sum answered by counting from one

Counting from one always works, which is why it is hard to give up. Counting on from the larger number, and then knowing the pairs that make ten by heart, are the two steps that make adding within 20 possible without fingers.

Teen numbers heard backwards

Fourteen says the four before the ten, and children write 41. This is a feature of English rather than a misunderstanding of value, and it clears up quickly once teen numbers are practised as “ten and some more”.

What the questions actually look like

Straight from the library, at the difficulty they are served at. Every question carries an explanation that appears after answering, whether the answer was right or wrong.

  • Counting & Number Recognition

    What number comes just before 10?

    Why: 9 comes just before 10. Before means one less, not one more.

  • Number Sense

    There are 3 cats and 6 dogs.

    Are there more cats or more dogs?

    Why: There are more dogs. 6 is more than 3.

  • Addition

    Which one makes 5?

    Why: 4 + 1 = 5. The others make 2, 4 and 6.

  • Subtraction

    6 − 3 = ?

    Why: 6 − 3 = 3. Counting backwards is one way; knowing that 3 and 3 make 6 is a faster one.

The 32 math skills tracked separately

Mastery is estimated per skill, never per subject, so strength in one can never average away a gap in another. Each page below carries a question you can ask tonight to check it yourself.

Counting & Number RecognitionCounting objects one by one, recognising written numerals and knowing which is more.Number Sense“What does the 4 in 438 actually mean?”Addition“What’s 8 + 6?” — listen for a retrieved answer, not a count.Subtraction“What’s 42 − 17?” Then: “what did you borrow, and what was it worth?”Multiplication“Draw me six sevens.” An array or six groups, not a recited chant.Division“Share 12 among 3” and “how many 3s fit into 12?” Both should be easy.Fractions“Which is bigger, 3/8 or 5/8 — and how do you know?”DecimalsTenths and hundredths, and how they line up with fractions and money.PercentagesPercent as a fraction of a hundred — discounts, interest and change over time.IntegersNegative numbers, and what it means to add or subtract below zero.Exponents & RootsPowers, square roots and the laws that let them be combined.Mental Math“What’s 39 + 24 — without writing it down?” Ask what they did.Word ProblemsRead a problem aloud, then: “what is it asking you to find?” — before any calculating.Measurement“Would you measure this room in centimetres or metres? Why?”Time & Money“It’s 2:40. What time is it in 35 minutes?”Financial LiteracyBudgets, interest, credit and the arithmetic behind everyday money decisions.Ratios & RatesComparing quantities, scaling recipes and unit rates like price per gram.Pre-Algebra PatternsNumber rules, missing values and treating a blank box as an unknown.Expressions & EquationsWriting and solving equations, and keeping both sides balanced.Linear RelationsSlope, intercepts and reading a straight-line relationship four ways.PolynomialsExpanding, factoring and working with expressions of several terms.QuadraticsParabolas, factoring, the quadratic formula and what a root means.FunctionsDomain, range, notation and transformations of a function's graph.Calculus FoundationsLimits, average versus instantaneous rate of change, and the derivative.Shapes & SolidsNaming shapes by their properties, and what makes a square not just a rectangle.Area, Perimeter & VolumeMeasuring around, across and inside — and why the formulas work.Transformations & SymmetrySlides, flips, turns and scaling, and what stays the same through each.Coordinate GeometryPlotting points, distance and midpoint, and shapes described by coordinates.TrigonometrySine, cosine and tangent — angles and lengths that determine each other.Graphs & DataReading and building pictographs, bar graphs and line graphs without being misled.StatisticsMean, median, spread and sampling — and when an average hides more than it shows.ProbabilityLikelihood, independent events and why a run of heads changes nothing.

Common questions

What math should a grade 1 student know in Canada?

By the end of grade 1, most Canadian curricula expect a child to count, read and write numbers to at least 20, compare two numbers, add and subtract within 20, know the pairs that make ten, name and describe simple 2D shapes, measure length with a ruler, tell time to the hour and half hour, and recognise Canadian coins.

Is it normal for a grade 1 child to count on their fingers?

Yes, and it is useful while the facts are being built. It becomes a problem later, when the working memory it uses is needed for something harder. The aim in grade 1 is not to ban fingers but to make the small facts automatic enough that fingers stop being reached for.

How much math practice does a grade 1 child need each day?

Five to ten focused minutes on most days. At six, attention is the limit rather than time — a short session at the right difficulty builds recall faster than a long one that ends in tears.

Start grade 1 math tonight

Twenty minutes, five stops, and every question pitched at your child rather than at their year group. The daily mission is free and stays free.